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It’s always 1 to 6, it’s always 15 to 20, it’s always 5, but it’s never 21, unless it’s flying. What is it?
Answer: The answer is: a dice. An explanation: "It's always 1 to 6": the numbers on the faces of the dice, "it's always 15 to 20": the sum of the exposed faces when the dice comes to rest after being thrown, "it's always 5": the number of exposed faces when the dice is at rest, "but it's never 21": the sum of the exposed faces is never 21 when the dice is at rest, "unless it's flying": the sum of all exposed faces when the dice is flying is 21 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6).
Solution:
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The answer is: a dice. An explanation: “It’s always 1 to 6”: the numbers on the faces of the dice, “it’s always 15 to 20”: the sum of the exposed faces when the dice comes to rest after being thrown, “it’s always 5”: the number of exposed faces when the dice is at rest, “but it’s never 21”: the sum of the exposed faces is never 21 when the dice is at rest, “unless it’s flying”: the sum of all exposed faces when the dice is flying is 21 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6).
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When the celebrated German mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) was nine he was asked to add all the integers from 1 through 100. He quickly added 1 to 100, 2 to 99, and so on for 50 pairs of numbers each adding to 101. Answer: 50 X 101=5,050. What is the sum of all the digits in integers from 1 through 1,000,000,000? (That’s all the digits in all the numbers, not all the numbers themselves.)
Answer: The numbers can be grouped by pairs: 999,999,999 and 0; 999,999,998 and 1' 999,999,997 and 2; and so on.... There are half a billion pairs, and the sum of the digits in each pair is 81. The digits in the unpaired number, 1,000,000,000, add to 1. Then: (500,000,000 X 81) + 1= 40,500,000,001.
Solution:
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The numbers can be grouped by pairs:
999,999,999 and 0;
999,999,998 and 1′
999,999,997 and 2;
and so on….
There are half a billion pairs, and the sum of the digits in each pair is 81. The digits in the unpaired number, 1,000,000,000, add to 1. Then:
(500,000,000 X 81) + 1= 40,500,000,001.
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999,999,999 and 0;
999,999,998 and 1′
999,999,997 and 2;
and so on….
There are half a billion pairs, and the sum of the digits in each pair is 81. The digits in the unpaired number, 1,000,000,000, add to 1. Then:
(500,000,000 X 81) + 1= 40,500,000,001.